Abstract: In the rural revitalization strategy, preventing poverty return is one of the long-term goals, and improving the current situation of spiritual poverty in rural areas and stimulating rural endogenous motivation are important paths to achieve this goal. Due to the constraints of grassroots schools, teachers, parents, and students' own beliefs and behaviors, rural adolescents exhibit to some extent weak learning motivation, insufficient learning aspirations, and weak learning willpower. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the current status of learning aspirations among rural junior high school students, and it finds out that their scores for learning aspirations are significantly lower than those of urban junior high school students. Based on social cognitive theory, an analysis of the influencing factors of learning aspirations of rural junior high school students finds that personal and environmental factors have a significant impact on their learning aspirations. In the future, the following measures need to be taken to jointly enhance the learning aspirations of township junior high school students: to enhance family education capabilities to ensure high-quality family education investment, to optimize career education to enhance the vocational competitiveness of township middle school students, and to enhance the sense of academic achievement of township junior high school students through collaborative assistance from multiple entities