Abstract: The relevant data of 52 representative countries from 2000 to 2018 are selected to study the impact and mechanism of aging population on the status of a country's global value chain. The findings suggest that aging population has a significant negative impact on the country's global value chain position. Aging is not conducive to technological innovation, which in turn has a negative impact on the position of the value chain; Although aging can promote the upgrading of industrial structure and offset certain negative impacts, the degree of offset is limited; Aging can promote the accumulation of human capital, and the accumulation of human capital has an inverted U-shaped impact on the status of the value chain.