Abstract: The socialism with Chinese characteristics is the dialectical unity of the theoretical logic of scientific socialism and the historical logic of Chinese society development, and to scientifically understand the historical direction in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we should follow the logic of the unity between history and reality and the unity between theory and practice. From the dimension of history, the new era is the great leap from the period of becoming independent and becoming rich to the period of becoming powerful of Chinese nation in modern times. From the dimension of reality, the new era is the new demand of the change of Society's principal contradiction. From the dimension of theory, the new era is the new achievement of the CPC Central Committee with XI Jinping as the core in exploring the major issues of the time. From the practice of international communist movement, the new era is the new development of scientific socialist practice pushed forward by the strong vitality of socialism with Chinese characteristics.