批判者的成就与困惑——论郑樵《六书略》象形理论研究的成就与具体汉字的归类

Achievements and Puzzles of Critic——on ZHENG Qiao s Summary of the Six Scripts

  • 摘要: 郑樵《六书略》在对象形充分研究的基础上,概括和提出了"独体为文,合体为字"的文字观;象形为本,六书乃象形之变的汉字孳生观;象形处于六书之首的次序观;阐释了象形与其他各书的区别。但是,由于郑樵不能专心精究汉字,加之时代的限制,他运用自己所阐释的理论具体分析汉字时,在标准的把握上存在问题,从而造成了很多理论与统属汉字的矛盾与混乱。我们认为,研究六书首先要确定一种特定的汉字字体为研究对象;其次要充分认识象形字是一个具有形音义的独立的不可分割的整体;再次,不仅要看某一汉字的现在形体,更要看这一汉字的历史即过去,这是我们全面把握和准确分析某一汉字的关键。在必须承认郑樵开创之功与巨大成就的同时,也要看到他的矛盾与混乱之处,以及由此而反映的他在实践中所产生的对六书与汉字之间的困惑。

     

    Abstract: Based on full investigation on pictograph,in the Summary of the Six Scripts,ZHENG Qiao briefs and then puts forward his view of words: single character is a writing symbol,compound character is a word.He insists that pictograp is the base of other scripts,and the six scripts are all the varieties of pictograph,thus,it is most important of the six.He also expounds the difference between pictograph and the other scripts.However,when he analyzes the concrete Chinese characters with his own expounding theory,he...

     

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