Abstract: The new development of the theory of regional national autonomy is embodied in the recognition that the national regional autonomy law is the scientific accomplishment of the practice of ethnic regional autonomy, the correct understanding and view of the new issues and new problems that arise in ethnic autonomous areas and the guidance of the application of the regional national autonomy law into practice with the rule of law thinking. Meanwhile, the new achievements in the practice of ethnic regional autonomy are manifested in the struggle to win the poverty alleviation in ethnic regions, the rebuilding of the ecologically new civilization in these regions, the promotion of the governance of ethnic affairs under the legal process and the reinforcement of the sense of Chinese community. Moreover, the new process of advancing the practice of ethnic regional autonomy is manifested in insisting on the right path of ethnic regional autonomy, advancing the new development of national unity and progress, casting solid community awareness of the Chinese nation, and promoting the modernization of ethnic affairs with the rule of law.