汉代常朝制度考析

Investigation on the System of Going to Court once Every Five Days in the Han Dynasty

摘要: 汉代为保障官僚机构正常运转,有效实施管理社会的职能,君臣定期在一起商讨国家大事,这就形成常朝制度。汉朝中前期,常朝制度并不明确。从汉宣帝开始实行明确的五日一朝常朝制度。朝臣除因病、丧事等私事外,均须上朝,赶上重要时令免朝。尽管可能因为皇帝的怠政有令不行,但并没有新的常朝制度产生,非常朝期间皇帝可以召见大臣商议国事,但这不是制度意义上的常朝。

Abstract: In order to guarantee that its bureaucratic apparatus could operate normally and effectively carry out its duty of managing society,the Han Dynasty adopted a system of going to court in the regular time,in this way,the emperor and the officials could discuss national affairs together.The participants were court ministers,they can ask for a leave for public or private things.During holidays and festivals they can absent from court.