Abstract: The chief invasion against China was to do damage to Chinese sovereign rights over territorial waters in pre-treaty days. The western countries tried to violate Chinese territorial water's integrity with the aid of warships. In order to safeguard the integrity of the sovereign rights of territorial waters, the Qing Dynasty took some measures:enforcing the compulsory pilot system in order to control firmly the piloting right.setting rigid rules for foreign vessels in order to keep then under strict control....