Abstract: The reasons why Zaju could rise and soon flourish at the turn of the Yuan and Jin Dynasties have been a focus of debates through the last century.Scholars have gradually moved their allention from the influence of politics,economy and national policies on Zaju fo the relation between the literali of the dynasty and the flourishing of Zaju.They more and more realized that literary associalions of men of letters in cities and towns are the decisive condition for Zaju's flourishing in the Yuan Dynasty.