Abstract: As a new round of technological revolution advances rapidly, artificial intelligence, as an emerging general-purpose technology, is profoundly reshaping agricultural production modes and rural development patterns, and has become a critical technological instrument for advancing agricultural and rural modernization. As the 15th Five-Year Plan period enters a decisive stage for all-round rural revitalization and the building of China's strength in agriculture, it is imperative to seize the historic opportunities offered by policy support, technological upgrading, and developmental transformation, and accelerate the integration of “AI plus” into the process of agricultural and rural modernization. In the face of multiple constraints currently confronting the AI plus empowerment of agricultural and rural modernization--such as uneven technological adaptation, imbalanced relations among production factors, and an inadequate financial support system--it is urgent to conduct an in-depth analysis of its theoretical foundations and practical constraints, promote the deep integration of technological applications with agricultural production practices, and strengthen mechanisms for factor coordination and financial support, thereby constructing a viable path for AI-enabled agricultural and rural modernization.