“伴侣机器人”问题与儒家妇道观的现代转化

On "Companion Robot" and the Modern Transformation of Confucian Views on Women's Morality

  • 摘要: 传统儒家的妇道观或婚姻观,既不是简单地要求“妇顺于夫”,也不是抽象地强调男女平等,而是强调男女双方在实现人生价值、完成伦理义务过程中的情义感通和互补协作。事实证明,仅提倡男女平等并不能避免西方现代化过程中经历的性别对立、婚姻矛盾等问题。对于传统儒家妇道观的现代性转化的讨论,既不能做片面狭隘的理解,也不能困于西方现代性价值的抽象普遍思维。回归传统妇道观或婚姻观的本真义以思考时代问题,应该在社会已经普遍接受男女平等的前提下,承认男女之间的差异性,强调夫妇之间的一体性、互补性和合作性。这样才能消除对传统儒家妇道观的误解,并且更能充实“男女平等”的具体内涵,促进健康的婚姻家庭观的形成。而伴侣机器人没有对人生之义和婚姻责任的伦理自觉,无法作为共同完成人道之义的合作伙伴和伦理主体,人也无法与机器人有道德情义的感通,因此本真义的儒家妇道观绝不会提倡伴侣机器人。

     

    Abstract: Traditional Confucianism is by no means devoid of the spirit of gender equality. Wives have always been regarded as equal partners and ethical subjects who jointly fulfill the “moral meaning of human life”. The traditional Confucian view of womanhood and marriage neither simply demands that "wives be obedient to husbands", nor emphasizes gender equality in an abstract manner. Instead, it stresses the emotional communion, ethical empathy, complementary collaboration between men and women in the pursuit of life value and the fulfillment of ethical obligations. It has been proven that merely advocating gender equality cannot avoid such problems as gender confrontation and marital conflicts experienced in the process of Western modernization. In the modern transformation of the traditional Confucian view of womanhood, we should neither interpret it in a one-sided and narrow way, nor confine ourselves to the "abstract universality" thinking rooted in Western modern values. To reflect on contemporary issues by returning to the authentic implications of the traditional Confucian outlook on womanhood and marriage, on the premise that gender equality is widely recognized in society, we ought to acknowledge the inherent differences between men and women, and highlight the integration, complementarity and cooperation between husband and wife. This approach can eliminate misunderstandings of traditional Confucian views on womanhood, enrich the concrete connotation of "gender equality", and foster a sound outlook on marriage and family. Since companion robots lack ethical consciousness regarding the moral meaning of life and marital responsibilities, they cannot serve as partners or ethical subjects to jointly fulfill the moral imperative of humanity. Nor can humans achieve moral and emotional communion with robots. It follows that the Confucian view of womanhood can never endorse the application of companion robots.

     

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