Abstract: Taking the relevant data of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023 as the research sample, this paper explores the impact of enterprise digital transformation on human capital level and its action path. The study finds that digital transformation significantly improves the quantity and quality of enterprises' human capital. The analysis of the mechanism shows that digital transformation realizes the leap of human capital from quantity to quality through the technological progress effect and scale expansion effect. This study enriches the theoretical research on the interactive relationship between digital transformation and human capital, has important practical significance for enterprises to formulate a quality-oriented talent strategy, and also provides empirical evidence for the formulation of relevant policies.