Abstract: Building an independent knowledge system in agricultural economics is an inevitable choice for thriving and developing the philosophy and social sciences， advancing agricultural modernization in the Chinese model， and constructing a strong agricultural nation with Chinese characteristics. The content must be selected based on the economic implications inherent in China's fundamental national and agricultural conditions of "big country with small farms." After more than a century of development， agricultural economics in China has acquired the necessary conditions to establish an independent knowledge system. However， there remain gaps in theoretical originality， practical agricultural connections， policy-practice integration， disciplinary coupling and interaction， and talent cultivation models. Further efforts are needed to explore knowledge production sources， enhance autonomous innovation， align with agricultural development realities to tell the Chinese story effectively， strengthen policy-practice ties to prioritize applied research， promote interdisciplinary integration to achieve theoretical-practical synergy， and build interdisciplinary research teams to amplify international discourse power. Continuous improvement in the progressiveness， integrity， and leadership of the independent knowledge system is essential， along with deeper exploration of the socialist path to modernizing the small-scale farming economy.