Abstract: As an advanced productive force, new quality productivity can empower the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the provincial panel data from 2012-2022, this paper explores the impact of new quality productivity on carbon emissions and its internal mechanism. The results show that the new quality productivity can effectively reduce carbon emissions, and the mechanism test shows that the new quality productivity can indirectly achieve carbon emission reduction by improving the level of scientific and technological innovation and promoting the upgrading of industrial structure. Further analysis shows that the impact of new quality productivity on carbon emissions is most significant in the western region, followed by the central region. Accordingly, this study provides a useful reference for the development of new quality productivity and the formulation of carbon emission reduction development strategies.