Abstract: New production relations are the reshaping of traditional production relations. Shaping new production relations that are compatible with new productive forces can accelerate the formation and development of new productive forces. From the perspective of real logic, new production relations are a strategic choice for promoting high-quality development in the new era. Analyzing the structure of new production relations from the perspective of social reproduction, and examining the bottlenecks and obstacles in the current production relations through the analysis of the four links of production, distribution, circulation and consumption, the focus of adjustment should be on shaping new labor-capital relations, distribution relations, circulation relations and consumption relations to solve the problems. In light of the current reality of further comprehensive deepening of reforms, allround measures should be taken and multiple approaches should be adopted to deepen economic system reform, solidly promote high-quality economic development; deepen the reform of the science and technology system to fully stimulate innovation and creativity; and deepen the reform of the talent development system to allow the vitality of talents to flow freely.