Abstract: Literary criticism of Yan’an and the Seventeen-year inherited the theoretical propositions of popularization and nationalization from May Fourth literature and left-wing literature. With a high degree of conscious subject consciousness and realistic propositions， it formed the same spectrum as the democratic revolution and socialist construction. Practical character， endowed with social， political， contemporary and national historical missions， on the one hand profoundly reflects the Communist Party of China’s immediate understanding， grasp， reflection and adjustment of literary and artistic phenomena and issues； on the other hand， through selected works and teaching materials Forms such as selected readings， compilation of literary history， and discussion of literary and artistic lines have accumulated quasi-historical experience and laid a historical foundation for the formation of contemporary people’s literary criticism character.