Abstract: Innovation is the primary driver of development， and talent is the foremost resource for progress. Postgraduates represent a crucial reserve force for building an innovative nation， and postgraduate education serves as the main pathway for cultivating innovative talents. Therefore， enhancing the scientific innovation ability of postgraduates is a key focus in the postgraduate education process. The present study， grounded in Amabile’s dynamic componential model of creativity， constructs a framework of influencing factors and an evaluation index system for postgraduates’ scientific innovation ability. This framework was implemented and assessed in the “Cognitive Development Research” course for postgraduates. Finally， based on the current postgraduate training system， the current difficulties in cultivating research and innovation abilities of postgraduates are pointed out， and potential paths for cultivating scientific innovation ability of postgraduates are proposed around knowledge accumulation， learning abilities， teaching feedback and evaluation systems， and optimization support systems.