Abstract: The third-line construction started in 1964 is an action of great strategic significance that the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China deeply planned and put into practice in the inland areas of the central and western regions based on the complicated and changeable international situation at that time. This paper combs the economic history research of the third-line construction from four dimensions： the third-line construction and overall development and security， the third-line construction and industrialization， the third-line construction and regional coordinated development， and the third-line construction and resource allocation efficiency. It can be found that in each dimension， scholars have both consensus and disagreement on it. Summarizing and analyzing these consensus and differences in the third-line construction can bring important enlightenment for perfecting China's industrialization and regional development policies.In the future， when promoting balanced regional development， we need to rely more on market mechanisms， and improve the efficiency of resource allocation through institutional innovation and policy incentives.