Abstract: In SHEN Congwen’s direct writing on modern education, national consciousness is one of the main themes of his writing, and thus many reflections on the Chinese nation play an important role in his works. Through the dual writing of ethnic education and traditional education, SHEN Congwen revealed the dullness and distress that both possess which helps to reveal why he pursued modern civilization without hesitation. In his reflection on urban education, SHEN Congwen expressed the spiritual drawbacks brought by modern civilization to the Chinese nation; Through reflection on the spiritual character of urban people cultivated by this education, SHEN Congwen expressed his concern about the formation of the character of the Chinese nation in the modern era. As for how to rebuild, SHEN Congwen proposed a path that goes beyond utilitarianism and does solid work.