Abstract: China has set a goal to become a leading nation in education by 2035. Achieving educational modernization is key to this ambition, rooted in historical, theoretical, and practical logic. China Education Modernization 2035 is the country’s first long-term strategic plan focused on this theme. To effectively advance this plan, it’s crucial to understand these three aspects of China’s educational modernization. From a historical perspective, China is shifting its focus from being a large provider of education to becoming a strong educational power. This involves moving from extensive growth to more intensive, quality-focused development, and expanding from limited to comprehensive global engagement. The theoretical logic of China’s educational modernization emphasizes the goal of providing education that satisfies the people. It centers on fundamental questions like what kind of individuals to cultivate, how to cultivate them, and for whom. Deepening educational reform and innovation is seen as the driving force behind these efforts. Practically, the modernization of China’s education system is reflected in its practices. The comprehensive leadership of the Communist Party over education is the fundamental guarantee. Modernizing the educational system is at the heart of reforms, with evaluation being a critical component and digitalization serving as a significant support.Understanding and embracing the development logic of contemporary China is essential for vigorously advancing educational modernization. Building a strong education system is crucial for the broader goal of establishing a modern socialist nation.