道德自主性视域下当代人工智能大模型的伦理想象及边界
The Ethical Imagination and Boundaries of Contemporary Large-scale AI Models Driven by Moral Autonomy
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摘要: 自主性是道德行为得以发生的内驱力,伦理学对其的讨论从自由的抽象观念出发衍生出不同的立场。从人工智能大模型的发展态势看,技术道德化的各种应用场景之所以促使人们对数字技术影响下自身行动与思考的主体性进行反思,是因为数字技术的嵌入虽然并未改变行为选择的实质内涵,但改变了人们的思维模式与道德行动的观念背景。数字技术道德化是当前人工智能应用的显著趋势,一方面表现在在算法中写入道德元素,以促使人们在应用人工智能的过程中做出更道德的选择;另一方面表现在行动的自主性因为数字技术的介入而发生形态上的变化。借助对生物技术道德增强的辩护,可以发现人工智能算法的道德化改变了传统伦理学的自主性形态,进而引发了新的伦理想象,数字技术的道德化在本质上是一种潜移默化的“助推”,这为思想道德的范式重建提供了新动力。Abstract: Autonomy is the core basis for the occurrence of moral behavior, and the discussion of ethics has derived different positions from the abstract concept of freedom. Considering the various application scenarios of technology moralization from the development trend of the large model of artificial intelligence, we can timely reflect on the subjective dimension of people’s actions and thinking under the influence of digital technology. The embedding of digital technology does not change the substance of behavior choice, but changes people’s thought mode and the conceptual background of moral action. The moralization of digital technology is a significant trend in the current application of artificial intelligence. On the one hand, moral elements are written into algorithms, so that people can make more ethical choices in the process of applying artificial intelligence. On the other hand, the autonomy of action has also undergone morphological changes due to the intervention of digital technology. With the defense of the moral enhancement of biotechnology, it can be found that the moralization of artificial intelligence algorithm has changed the autonomous form of traditional ethics, and then triggered a new ethical imagination. The moralization of digital technology is a subtle “boost” in essence, providing a new impetus for the paradigm reconstruction of ideological ethics.