Abstract: The effective exercise of leadership by female university presidents is an important way to enhance the governance capacity and scientific decision-making level of universities, and is an urgent need for the high-quality development of higher education in China. At present, the number of female university presidents is still at a disadvantage. In the process of playing and improving their leadership, the role conflict of female university presidents mainly manifests as behavioral deviation in the context of role expectation overload, pressure attachment in the context of role adaptation obstacles, and maternal punishment in the context of role allocation difficulties. The rapid development of the economy and society, the lack of systems and inadequate support mechanisms, the unreasonable structure of university leadership teams, and the insufficient ability of female principals to adjust their roles are the main reasons for the emergence of role conflicts. We should help female university presidents overcome obstacles and enhance their leadership from the following four aspects: values, institutional mechanisms, organizational atmosphere, and individual adaptability.