Abstract: The fundamental connection between Marxian distributive justice and common prosperity centers on the endogenous relationship between the two, which is threefold in nature. Firstly, the production principle of Marx's distributive justice establishes the development conditions, development power, and development stage of common prosperity at the factual level, endogenizing the developmental nature of common prosperity. Secondly, the value principle of Marx's distributive justice establishes the sharing premise, sharing opportunity, and sharing result of common prosperity at the value level, endogenizing the sharing nature of common prosperity. Finally, the emancipation principle of Marx's distributive justice establishes the material basis, moral pursuit, and spiritual need of common prosperity at the practical level, endogenizing the people's nature of common prosperity. The endogenous relationship between Marx's distributive justice and common prosperity shows that common prosperity is not only a contemporary manifestation of distributive justice, but also an important driving force and systematic project for promoting social justice.