Abstract: To investigate the influence of mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals on life satisfaction and job satisfaction, and the mediating effects of mental health and proactive work behavior. Mental Health Literacy Scale, General Mental Health Questionnaire, Proactive Work Behavior Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale and Job Satisfaction Scale were used as measuring tools to investigate 283 primary and secondary school principals from all over Henan Province. Results showed that: (1) Mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals positively affects mental health and proactive work behavior; (2) Mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals affects life satisfaction through mental health and proactive work behavior in indirect; (3) Mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals affects job satisfaction through mental health and proactive work behavior in indirect. The results reveal the internal mechanism that the mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals has an indirect impact on life satisfaction and job satisfaction through mental health and proactive work behavior, which can provide theoretical support for intervening in the mental health literacy of primary and secondary school principals and improving their life satisfaction and job satisfaction.