Abstract: Ecological risks endanger human survival and block the normal operation of human society. From the perspective of the Risk Society Theory, the anomie capitalist political system and policy mechanisms, the improper use of science and technology, and errors in social decision-making and management are the main sources of ecological risks. Therefore, building ecological politics, developing grassroots democracy and implementing global governance are ideal paths to dell with ecological risks. The Risk Society Theory discusses ecological risk problems from the reality of western developed industrial society. Although there are certain historical limitations, it still has certain enlightenment and reference value for the understanding and solution of contemporary China's ecological risk problems.