Abstract: The third distribution is a new distribution mode characterized by charity and other social public welfare undertakings, and is an important institutional achievement of the basic principles of the localization of Marxism in China. In Marxist theories, the distribution pattern will go through three historical stages along with the general outline of the change of human production mode. The third distribution is subordinate to the historical high order of the distribution pattern, which is an important node to access the ideal picture of "demand based distribution on demand". From the perspective of Marxism, the generation of the third distribution has profound internal logic: from the perspective of practical logic, the development of social productive forces provides the basic premise for the generation of the new distribution system; From the perspective of theoretical logic, Marxist economic ethics and the derived sharing ethics have injected ethical implications into the new distribution system; From the perspective of institutional logic, the externalization of the practice of the CPC's inherent progressiveness and people's nature has promoted the final formation of the new distribution system. The third distribution is an organic component of China's socialist distribution system and an effective path to achieve common prosperity. Studying the generation logic of the third distribution from the perspective of Marxism has profound theoretical significance and long-term practical value.