黄帝《巾几铭》辨伪

Research on Jinjiming and Its Literature Sources

  • 摘要: 传世的黄帝《巾几铭》至少存在3种,史源比较清楚。南宋罗泌所录《巾几铭》主要取自《左传》,杂糅《史记》之文而成。明代杨慎所录的两种《巾几铭》,第一种取自《六韬》之文,第二种则是将“五帝之戒”中“黄帝之戒”与《淮南子》所引《尧戒》拼接而成。稍后董斯张所录《巾几铭》,自注称出自《帝王世纪》并不可靠,实则与杨慎所录第二种《巾几铭》雷同,并且出处存在刻意造伪的迹象。以上各种黄帝《巾几铭》,皆属于晚出文献,应当是后人附会旧说制作,而少数学者将其视为《黄帝铭》六篇之一则属于臆测。因此,应当将其从《黄帝铭》遗篇中剔除,不宜再将其作为探讨黄老思想的可靠材料。

     

    Abstract: There was at least three kinds of Jinjiming in history and their texts origin were perfectly clear. The earliest kind was recorded by scholar Luo Bi in the Southern Song Dynasty, maybe mainly taken from Zuozhuan and Shiji (the Historical Records), as well as some other literature. The other two kinds were recorded by scholar Yang Shen in the Ming Dynasty. The first kind maybe is selected from Liutao by Yand Shen. The second is a combination "Huangdi's Ring" in the "Ring of the Five Emperors" and the "Yaodi's Ring" quoted in Huainan Zi. Dong Sizhang, a scholar in the Ming Dynasty, also recorded one kind of Jinjiming, which was echoig Yand Shen's. But he noted that it was cited from Diwangshiji, and this opinion was unreliable. On the whole, the three kinds of Jinjiming were created by later scholars since the Southern Song Dynasty, thus none is reliable and none belongs to Huangdiming. Thus, it should not be regarded as the reliable text about Huang-lao Thought.

     

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