Abstract: Since the 20th century, the ontological stipulation of linguistic signs in the generation of literary meaning has become the focus of attention and thinking in contemporary critical theories. This kind of thinking and exploration from the perspective of language not only makes the seemingly transparent and stable traditional relationship between words and meanings re-problematized, but also establishes the main line composition of contemporary critical theory in the study of text interpretation. Moreover, based on different understandings of the relationship between literature and language, the interpretation path from the formal level and practice of language to polyphony brings new objects, methods and growth points to literary research, and promotes the transformation of the research pattern of contemporary literary theory.