Abstract: In the context of digital transformation of education, promoting the modernization of teaching governance system and governance capacity is an important way for primary and secondary schools to focus on comprehensively deepening education reform and improving the quality of talent training. Based on literature analysis, this research combs the characteristics of teaching governance in primary and secondary schools. Based on activity theory, it constructs a framework of teaching governance in primary and secondary schools from three aspects: governance subject, governance object, and governance method. Guided by the development of students' core literacy, it takes teachers, students, parents, managers, and teachers and researchers as governance subjects, follows certain institutional norms, and uses the education cloud platform and the education data gathered on the platform, Cooperate in curriculum construction, teaching, teaching and research to carry out scientific and accurate governance. Based on the framework, aiming at the problems in the teaching governance of primary and secondary schools, the governance path is proposed from three aspects: updating the governance concept of the governance subject, focusing on digital teaching innovation with students' core literacy as the guide, and promoting the application of education cloud platform and education big data.