应然与实然:我国中小学创客课程实施的再思考——基于中、东、西5省(市)的调查

Why, What and How: Reconsideration of Maker Curriculum in Primary and Secondary Schools——Based on the Survey and Reflection of 5 Provinces (Cities) in the Central, Eastern and Western Regions of China

  • 摘要: “双创”背景下我国中小学创客教育实践开展得如火如荼,为深入了解中小学创客课程的实施情况,首先通过文献研究从目的及三重属性勾勒了创客课程的“应然之意”,其次通过对中、东、西部5省(市)中小学创客课程实施的调查来刻画其“实然之态”,再次通过“实然”与“应然”的对比分析为创客教师有效开展创客课程提出了相关建议。研究发现,创客课程的目标在于培养创新人才,其中创新实践性、技术融入性、经验课程性是其三重属性。然而,目前我国中小学创客课程普遍存在重“技”轻“创”、课程边缘化、教学技术化、评价单一化等问题。究其原因,主要是因为教育行政机构对创客教师专业发展观照不足、学校对创客课程价值定位趋于功利、教师对创客课程本质价值认识有待提升。基于以上问题,提出中小学创客教师应以教育的本质为基点,注重培养自由、完整、个性的人;融合后现代主义课程观,注重创客课程的开放性与创新性;明晰技术之于教育的价值,将技术由“遮蔽”变为“解蔽”手段。

     

    Abstract: In the context of "innovation and entrepreneurship", the practice of maker education in primary and secondary schools in China is in full swing. In order to further understand the implementation of maker curriculum in primary and secondary schools, first of all, through literature research, the "ought to be" state of maker curriculum is outlined from the purpose and triple attributes. Secondly, the "being" state of maker curriculum is described through the investigation of maker curriculum in primary and secondary schools in five provinces (cities) in the central, eastern and western regions. Finally, through the comparative analysis of "ought to be" and "being", relevant suggestions are put forward for maker teachers to effectively carry out maker curriculum. It is found that the value of maker curriculum is to cultivate innovative talents, among which innovation practice, technology integration and experience curriculum are its triple attributes. At present, there are many problems in maker courses in primary and secondary schools in China, such as attaching more importance to "technology" than "innovation", curriculum marginalization, teaching technicalization and evaluation simplification. The main reason is that the educational administrative institutions lack of reference to the professional development concept of maker teachers, the school's value orientation of maker courses tends to be utilitarian, and teachers' understanding of the essential value of maker courses needs to be improved. Based on the above problems, this paper puts forward that maker teachers should take the essence of education as the starting point, pay attention to the cultivation of free, complete and personalized people; integration of postmodern curriculum view, pay attention to the openness and creativity of maker curriculum; clarify the value of technology to education, and change technology from "masking" to "unblocking" state.

     

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