Abstract: Farmers are not only the main participants and dependents of rural governance, but also the main body of rural political participation. Optimizing farmers' political participation is the internal requirement of realizing the modernization of rural governance. At present, in the process of rural governance, there are still some problems, such as the channels of farmers'political participation need to be widened, the participation mechanism needs to be improved, and the effectiveness of participation needs to be enhanced. In the new era, to optimize the path of farmers' political participation, we should not only give full play to the main role of rural grass-roots representative democracy and the important appointment of deliberative democracy, but also make use of innovations such as inner-party democracy, petition channels and the Internet to optimize the new path of political participation.