Abstract: Based on experiential avoidance model and gender role theory, this study explored the mediating role of anger and moderating role of gender in the relationship between perceived discrimination and left-behind adolescents' self-injury. A sample of 662 left-behind middle school and high school students were recruited to complete Perceived Personal Discrimination Scale, Age Subscale of Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Adolescent Self-injury Questionnaire. Results:(1) Perceived discrimination, anger and self-injury were positively correlated with each other. (2) Perceived discrimination could not only directly affect left-behind adolescents' self-injury, but also indirectly affect it through the mediation role of anger; and the second path of this mediating effect was moderated by gender, in that it was stronger for girls than for boys. In conclusion, anger and gender played a moderate mediation model between perceived discrimination and left-behind adolescents' self-injury.