Abstract: The literary phenomenon of writing about Chinese ancestors had emerged in Taiwan's poetry in 1895, involving Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu, and almost showing a complete tree system of Chinese ancestors. These Taiwanese poets had shown a strong recognition of Chinese ancestors, through regarding themselves as Chinese descendents, naming the mainland after Chinese ancestors, or worshipping and yearning for Chinese ancestors, or inheriting the collective historical memory of Chinese ancestors. The emergence of this literary phenomenon is rooted in the historical process of ceding Taiwan in 1895, and the increasingly prominent Chinese national identity consciousness of Taiwan's poets consequently.