Abstract: In order to explore the correlation and predictive relationship between mental health and mobile phone behavior control among middle school students. A total of 359 students from four middle schools in Henan Province were randomly selected for a six-month longitudinal follow-up survey. The SCL-90 Psychological Symptom Self-rating Scale and Mobile Phone Behavior Control Questionnaire were used to measure the mental health and behavioral control of middle school students, and the data were analyzed with the cross-lagged regression analysis method. Results: (1) According to the results of repeated measures analysis of variance, there was no significant difference in mental health scores between the pre-test and post-test, a significant difference in mobile phone behavior control scores between the pre-test and post-test, and there was a significant gender difference in mental health.(2) There was a significantly positive correlation between mental health scores and mobile phone behavior control scores. (3) After controlled mobile phone behavior control at Time 1, mental health at Time 1 had a certain positively predictive power for mobile phone behavior control at Time 2, and after controlled the mental health at Time 1, mobile phone behavior control at Time 1 had no significant predictive value for mental health at Time 2. Conclusion: This meant that mental health exists stable to some extent, mobile phone behavior control manifests developmental changes, and there is a negative correlation between mental health and mobile phone behavior control,mental health can predict mobile phone behavior control.