汉语中名词的“有定”与“无定”——兼谈信息规则对汉语的优先制约作用

“Definite” and “Indefinite” of Nouns in Chinese——Also on the Priority Restriction of Information Structure on Chinese

摘要: “有定”与“无定”是不同语言中普遍存在的一对范畴，涉及语法、语义和语用等多个层面。与英语不同，汉语中的“有定”与“无定”是一对隐性范畴，优先受制于语用规则，且在句法上缺乏强制性。它们可以视作说话人实现信息包装的一种语用手段。对“把”字句宾语指称特征的研究也进一步验证了这一规律。

Abstract: Definite and "Indefinite" are a pair of categories of grammar, semantics and pragmatics that are common in different languages. Different from English, "Definite" and "Indefinite" in Chinese are a pair of implicit categories lacking of syntactic coercion, and are subject to pragmatic rules first. They can be regarded as a pragmatic means for speakers to achieve information packaging. This rule has been further verified by the study of the referential features of the object of "Ba" sentences.