Abstract: Migrant workers are an important force in China's industrialization and urbanization. The citizenization of migrant workers is the focal point of the external manifestation of the principal contradiction in the current society. The research results on the risk of citizenization of migrant workers can be summarized and reviewed comprehensively from the perspectives of economy, politics, society and population. Under the background of China's temporary economic downturn and the opening of a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the risk of citizenization of migrant workers should be explored according to the historical materialism of Marxism, starting from the improvement of social productivity, transformation of social production relations and adjustment of superstructure caused by population spatial agglomeration. Economic risk researching should continue to explore consumption structure optimization and quality improvement path, at the same time focus on the risk of capital accumulation and defense; Political risks should focus on the mismatch between personal space migration and political rights migration, and explore the risks of peasant workers' interest appeal, fairness and justice, political participation. Social risks should be analyzed in terms of identity risk, urban integration risk and welfare sharing risk faced by migrant workers in urban life characterized by population agglomeration. Population risks should focus on the migrant workers' urban management risk, aging risk, "demographic dividend" disappearing risk, and "reverse urbanization" risk.