Abstract: At present, China has become the second largest economy in the world, and the number of energy consumption is fast growing. In China, energy consumption is mainly made of fossil energy, and it does not accord with the need of sustainable development. Biomass power generation is one of the essential ways to reduce the pressure on energy and ecological environment, and it's meaningful in theory and practice to discuss the sustainable development of biomass power generation supply chain of agriculture and forestry under the uncertain conditions. Now, there are still many problems in the sustainable development of China's biomass power generation supply chain of agriculture and forestry, such as: uncertain supply of agricultural and forestry biomass, inefficient resource allocation, poor sustainable development ability of biomass power generation enterprises, and lack of core technologies for agricultural and forestry biomass power generation. By strengthening market supervision, norming market order, rationalizing allocation of resources, planning production and operation, and enhancing original innovation, it is supposed to promote the sustainable development of biomass power generation supply chain of agriculture and forestry.