Abstract: In the 70 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's rural-urban relations policy has gone through the evolution process from "urban-rural balance" to "urban-rural duality", from "urban-rural overall development" to "urban-rural integration", and finally to "urban-rural merging". Policy adjustment is driving the historical evolution of urban-rural relations. On the whole, this adjustment and evolution are consistent with the theory of urban and rural relationship between Marx and Engels. Practice has shown that a proper policy on urban-rural relations is the engine, propellant and stabilizer of economic and social development. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, based on the current situation of the development of urban-rural relations in contemporary China, put forward a new concept of integrated urban-rural development in due time. In the future, the policy formulation of urban-rural relations should continue to follow the idea of feeding farmers with industry and bringing rural and urban areas together to promote comprehensive integration and common prosperity.