Abstract: Huangdi (the Yellow Emperor) was the ancestor of the Zhou's people, and they played a leading role in the formation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, when this national community pursued its common ancestor, the Zhou's people were naturally regarded as its most important ancestor. Many of today's family surnames can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty and then up to Huangdi. The formation of the Chinese nation should be in the Spring and Autumn Period. An investigation into the origins of the names of the Zhou and Huangdi can enlighten us that the so-called huaxia, or han nationality, today has many different ethnic groups included in its surname. At the same time, Huangdi is the ancestor of both the rongdi and huaxia nationality. rongdi and huaxia was originally a family, so it is said that Huangdi is the common ancestor of the whole Chinese nation. In fact, in terms of blood relationship, the Chinese nation actually has many sources, and not all the ethnic groups that make up the Chinese nation have been living in the central plains since they were born. Historical research shows that the formation of the Chinese nation is a long-term process of multi-ethnic communication, interaction and integration. In the process of ethnic integration, Huangdi made great contributions to promoting the origin and formation of Chinese civilization.