Abstract: This article, taking the "Six-countries chronology" as a start, discusses the viewpoints and ideological criticism of Sima Qian's Historical Construction of the Qin Dynasty. Through the investigation of Qinbenji (Biographic Sketches of Emperors in Qin Dynasty), to the related narratives such as Qin Shihuang's Chronology, we can see how Sima Qian took Qin Xiaogong's commercial reform as a key element in establishing the empire, and also revealed that law is like a double-edged blade. Through detailed narration of the Qin dynasty's official deeds and the dialogue between Qin Mugong and Yuyu, Sima Qian made his criticism of the politics of the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty which inherited the same policy.