Abstract: Chinese modern aesthetic education originates from western aesthetic theories, especially German classical aesthetics. In the reference of the thought of the aesthetic experts such as Immanuel Kant and Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller, and it was rooted in the traditional chinese culture and the specific historical fields, and the introverted ideological transformation and variation occurred in the inheritage, which showed the utilitarianism of the enlightenment, the humanistic humanism and the reason of the practice. At the same time, the contention between "enlightenment modernity" and "aesthetic modernity", "aesthetic education" and "religion" as a substitute and subject, have become the inner problems, and also highlight the anxiety in the interlacing of aesthetic thoughts. The modern aesthetic education in China has the contextual nature of the ideological carrier, and it can be used as a reference for the construction of the Chinese aesthetics theory of the applicability of the local context.