This paper selects the companies in Henan province listed before December 31, 2010 as research objects, uses the financial data of sample companies from 2011 to 2015, selects 13 financial indicators to construct performance evaluation index system from the four aspects of solvency, profitability, operation ability and development ability, analyzes and evaluates the operating performance of sample companies through the method of factor analysis. The empirical analysis result shows overall scores of sample companies are generally low, the overall scores of only 19 companies are greater than zero, the overall scores of 30 companies are less than zero, the overall operating performance of the listed companies in Henan province should be improved. Finally, according to the empirical analysis results, we propose that the listed companies in Henan province should maintain a comprehensive and coordinated development, pay attention to product innovation, improve the efficiency of capital utilization, increase sales revenue, control operating costs, strengthen internal governance, and so on.