Abstract: The literature and art in the Soviet Areas is the early revolutionary literature and art under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Central Soviet Area and the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Areas were the two largest revolutionary bases at that time. The literature and art in the two Soviet areas had the same quality and origin, in terms of both theoretical source and guiding ideology, and the theme and genre, expression techniques and creation groups. However, due to regional and status diversities, there were some obvious differences between the two areas. Compared with the literature and art in the Hubei-Henan-Anhui Soviet Areas, there were more perfect and systematic theories in the Central Soviet Area. With more and more professionals in the creation team, the literature and art was well organized. It had a great impact on the proletarian literature and art. As the theory and practice of literature and art in the early period of the CPC, its experience and lessons provide important references for the later development of Yan'an and new China's literature and art.