Abstract: The peer relationship of rural teachers will affect the satisfaction of teachers' working environment. A good peer relationship will help to promote the construction of professional teachers. Using SPSS 20.0 to investigate the peer relationship of 300 rural teachers, it is found that the peer relationship of rural teachers is in the upper middle level, and the score of peer relationship is higher than that of the upper and lower level; there are significant differences in the peer relationship among rural teachers of different gender, organization, school type and education background; the score of peer relationship decreases with the increase of teaching age; with the increase of teaching age, the score of peer relationship decreases gradually; with the increase of teaching age, the score of peer relationship is higher With the increase of age, the peer relationship shows an inverted U-shaped trend; with the decrease of teachers' positions, the peer relationship also gradually declines; with the increase of educational background, the peer relationship declines; private teachers score higher than public teachers in peer relationship, among which gender, establishment, school type, academic history, position and rural teachers' peers show significant correlation. The results suggest that rural schools should pay attention to the emotional support of their peers, actively guide teachers to establish the concept of positive communication, reasonably use leadership power, create an effective communication platform, create a good organizational environment, and establish an effective incentive mechanism.